Table of Contents — Volume 1

Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems

2. Thermodynamics Fundamentals

2.1 Basic Concepts and Definitions

2.1.1 Open and Closed Systems

2.1.2 State of a System, Intensive and Extensive Quantities

2.1.3 Phase, Pure Substances, Mixtures

2.1.4 Equilibrium and Reversible Process

2.1.5 Temperature

2.1.6 Symbols

2.2 Energy Exchanges in a Process

2.2.1 Work of External Forces on a Closed System

2.2.2 Heat Transfer

2.3 First Law of Thermodynamics

2.3.1 Definition of Internal Energy (Closed System)

2.3.2 Application to a Fluid Mass

2.3.3 Work Provided, Shaft Work

2.3.4 Shaft Work and Enthalpy (Open Systems)

2.3.5 Establishment of Enthalpy Balance

2.3.6 Application to Industrial Processes

2.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.4.1 Definition of Entropy

2.4.2 Irreversibility

2.4.3 Carnot Effectiveness of Heat Engines

2.4.4 Fundamental Relations for a Phase

2.4.5 Thermodynamic Potentials

2.5 Exergy

2.5.1 Exergy for a Monothermal Open System in Steady State

2.5.2 Multithermal Open Steady-State System

2.5.3 Application to a Two-Source Reversible Machine

2.5.4 Heat Exchange without Work Production

2.5.5 Exergy Efficiency

2.6 Representations of Real Fluids

2.6.1 Thermodynamic Diagrams of Pure Substances

2.6.2 Moist Mixtures: Properties and Diagrams

2.6.3 Real Fluid Mixtures

2.7 Conclusion

2.8 References