[{"content":"First Steps with Thermoptim There are several ways to start working with Thermoptim.\nIn any case, you will need to install the software on your computer, which can be done with the demonstration version. This version allows you to define models, but you will not be able to save them. For that, you need a paid license version.\nA special demo version including the Thermoptim Console with most of the examples from both books and those used in the Guided Explorations has been prepared for you. It\u0026rsquo;s available on the Thermoptim download site.\nOnce Thermoptim is installed, you can use the 45 Guided Explorations, which will allow you to gradually learn how to model many energy systems.\nAs indicated abobe the Thermoptim Console, gives you access to a large number of existing models, including those of the Guided Explorations and most of the examples from the books mentioned on this site.\nFinally, you can use an Example catalog, an older and simplified version of the Console.\nInstallation of Thermoptim Demo Version To use Thermoptim without a paid license, you can install one of the demo versions available at: 🔗 Download Thermoptim\nThermoptim requires the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), preferably version 1.8, to be installed on your machine. If Java is not installed, download it here: 🔗 Download Java\nLaunching Thermoptim To open Thermoptim, double-click the ThoptExec.jar file.\nFor guidance on getting started—such as opening existing project files or using an example catalog—visit this page on the Thermoptim-Unit portal: 🔗 Getting Started with Thermoptim\nGuided Explorations Thermoptim offers about 45 guided model explorations to help you get a handle on the software and introduce you to the modeling of energy systems.\nFor more details, visit: 🔗 Guided Explorations\nInstalling the Thermoptim Console The Thermoptim Console is a dashboard for users of the Thermoptim software.\nIt provides organised access to series of models distributed with the guided explorations or the books: project files, diagram files, exergy structure files, and cycle files. To install the Thermoptim Console, follow these steps:\nDownload the Console archive. Extract it in Thermoptim\u0026rsquo;s installation directory. Double-click file ThermoptimConsole.jar. Then select the type of project that interests you to narrow down the list of those offered to you. Double-click on the one of your choice. Thermoptim is then launched and the project and diagram files are opened.\nThe complete documentation of the Thermoptim Console is available at this address: 🔗 Thermoptim Console\nInstalling an Example Catalog To install an example catalog, follow these steps:\nPlace the catalog folder (containing the proj and schema directories, as well as the text file defining the links to these files) in the Thermoptim installation directory. Edit the loadLib.ini file to include the path to the text file mentioned above. The example catalog will be available the next time you launch Thermoptim, accessible from the Project Files menu.\n","title":"First steps with Thermoptim","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/resources/first-steps-thopt/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n10. Case Studies 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Compressor Filling a Storage of Compressed Air 10.2.1 Modeling of the Heat Exchanger 10.2.2 Design of the Controller 10.2.3 Analysis of the Cooled Compressor 10.3 Off-Design Behavior of a Refrigeration Machine 10.3.1 Introduction, Results 10.3.2 Principle of Resolution 10.4 Off-Design Behavior of a Steam Power Plant 10.4.1 Introduction, Results 10.4.2 Presentation of the External Class 10.5 Part-Load Operation of the Flamanville 3 EPR Turbine 10.5.1 Flow Rate Variation 10.5.2 Pressure Variation 10.5.3 Influence of the Stodola Law Used 10.5.4 Polytropic Efficiencies 10.5.5 Polytropic Exponents 10.5.6 Separator 10.5.7 NUSCLE, a Nuclear Secondary Circuit Lite Emulator 10.6 Conclusion ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter10/_toc/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 10: Case Studies Complementary Resources, Guided Explorations, and Simulation Tools\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 10 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nModels and examples are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. Spreadsheets, scripts, and controller classes are provided to support simulations and post-processing. Some resources are historical examples from the Thermoptim portal, while others are updated models developed specifically for the book. It is therefore possible that there are discrepancies between the examples provided in the portal and those selected for this book. They should not have any consequences on the understanding of the presented concepts. 📌 Compressor Filling a Storage of Compressed Air Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of compressed air storage. Heat exchanger parameterization for efficient storage. Controller design for air exchange systems. Complementary Resources: 📊 Heat Exchanger Parameter Spreadsheet A spreadsheet to help parameterize heat exchangers for compressed air storage systems. Parameter spreadsheetl →\n🖥️ Air Exchanger Controller AirExchangerController.java - A controller class for managing air exchange in compressed air storage systems. Air Exchanger Controller →\n🔄 Guided Exploration: Air-Water Heat Exchanger (Dtnn1EchAirEau_en) This exploration focuses on the design and analysis of an air-water heat exchanger for compressed air storage. GE: DTNN-1: Technological sizing of an air-water exchanger\n📌 Cooled Compressor Controller Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of cooled compressors. Controller design for optimized performance. Volume effects in compressor systems. Complementary Resources: 🖥️ Cooled Compressor Controller VsCompressorController.java - A controller class for cooled compressors. Cooled Compressor Controller →\n🔄 Guided Exploration: Cooled Volume Compressor (Dtnn3ComprVolum_en) This exploration focuses on the off-design behavior of a cooled volume compressor. GE: DTNN-3: Sizing of a displacement air compressor\n📌 Simulation of the Compressed Air Storage Filling Key Concepts Covered: Simulation of compressed air storage systems. Dynamic behavior during filling. Performance analysis using spreadsheets and scripts. Complementary Resources: 🐍 Python Script for Simulation A Python script to automate the simulation of compressed air storage filling. Python Script →\n📊 Spreadsheet for Simulation of Compressed Air Storage Filling A spreadsheet to simulate and analyze the filling process of compressed air storage systems. Spreadsheet for Simulation of Compressed Air Storage Filling →\n📌 Off-Design Behavior of the Refrigeration Machine Key Concepts Covered: Off-design behavior of refrigeration machines. Non-linear equation solving using the minPack solver. Controller design for refrigeration systems. Complementary Resources: 📖 Using the minPack Solver for Non-Linear Equations This page explains how to use the minPack solver for solving systems of non-linear equations in refrigeration machines. Learn About minPack Solver →\n🖥️ Refrigeration Machine Controller RefrigControllerMinPack.java - A controller class for managing the off-design behavior of refrigeration machines. Refrigeration Machine Controller →\nProgramming Note: This controller class uses the minPack solver for solving non-linear equations in refrigeration systems.\n📌 Off-Design Behavior of the Steam Power Plant Key Concepts Covered: Off-design behavior of steam power plants. Controller design for steam cycles. Performance optimization under varying conditions. Complementary Resources: 🖥️ Steam Power Plant Controller SimpleSteamPlantControllerOptim.java - A controller class for managing the off-design behavior of steam power plants. Steam Power Plant Controller →\n📌 Part Load Operation of the Flamanville 3 EPR Turbine Key Concepts Covered: Part load operation of the Flamanville 3 EPR turbine. Stodola’s law application in turbine performance. Steam generator controller design. Complementary Resources: 📊 Spreadsheet with Flamanville Raw Data A spreadsheet compiling the main values of data related to Flamanville. Spreadsheet with Flamanville Raw Data →\nComplete Flamanville model diagram file, to identify the names of the points and processes Flamanville model diagram file →\n📖 Stodola’s Law and Turbines This page explains the application of Stodola’s law in turbomachinery, including turbines. Explore Stodola’s Law →\n📖 NUSCLE Software Information Information on the NUSCLE software, relevant for understanding Water Cooled Reactors (WCR) applications. Explore NUSCLE →\n📊 Post-Processing Tools Key Concepts Covered: Post-processing of Thermoptim simulation results. Data extraction and analysis utilities. Complementary Resources: 📗 Excel Macro for Post-Processing of Thermoptim Files This Excel macro helps automate the post-processing of Thermoptim simulation files, making it easier to analyze and visualize results. Download the Excel Macro →\n📊 Data Extraction Utility for Post-Processing This utility allows you to extract and organize data from Thermoptim simulations for further analysis. Access the Data Extraction Utility →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter10/_resources/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n1. Presentation of the Approach 1.1 A Two-Level Methodology 1.1.1 Physical Phenomena Taking Place in a Gas Turbine 1.1.2 Energy Technologies: Component Assemblies 1.2 Practical Implementation of the Double Analytical–Systems Approach 1.2.1 Use of the Thermoptim Software 1.2.2 Functional and Exergy Structures 1.3 Thermoptim Primitive Types 1.3.1 Component Modeling 1.3.2 Thermoptim Primitive Types 1.3.3 Thermoptim Assets 1.4 Conclusion 1.5 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter1/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n2. Thermodynamics Fundamentals 2.1 Basic Concepts and Definitions 2.1.1 Open and Closed Systems 2.1.2 State of a System, Intensive and Extensive Quantities 2.1.3 Phase, Pure Substances, Mixtures 2.1.4 Equilibrium and Reversible Process 2.1.5 Temperature 2.1.6 Symbols 2.2 Energy Exchanges in a Process 2.2.1 Work of External Forces on a Closed System 2.2.2 Heat Transfer 2.3 First Law of Thermodynamics 2.3.1 Definition of Internal Energy (Closed System) 2.3.2 Application to a Fluid Mass 2.3.3 Work Provided, Shaft Work 2.3.4 Shaft Work and Enthalpy (Open Systems) 2.3.5 Establishment of Enthalpy Balance 2.3.6 Application to Industrial Processes 2.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics 2.4.1 Definition of Entropy 2.4.2 Irreversibility 2.4.3 Carnot Effectiveness of Heat Engines 2.4.4 Fundamental Relations for a Phase 2.4.5 Thermodynamic Potentials 2.5 Exergy 2.5.1 Exergy for a Monothermal Open System in Steady State 2.5.2 Multithermal Open Steady-State System 2.5.3 Application to a Two-Source Reversible Machine 2.5.4 Heat Exchange without Work Production 2.5.5 Exergy Efficiency 2.6 Representations of Real Fluids 2.6.1 Thermodynamic Diagrams of Pure Substances 2.6.2 Moist Mixtures: Properties and Diagrams 2.6.3 Real Fluid Mixtures 2.7 Conclusion 2.8 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter2/toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n3. Basic Components and Processes 3.1 Compressions 3.1.1 Thermodynamics of Compression 3.1.2 Reference Compression 3.1.3 Actual Compressions 3.1.4 Staged Compression 3.1.5 Calculation of a Compression in Thermoptim 3.2 Displacement Compressors 3.2.1 Piston Compressors 3.2.2 Rotary Positive Displacement Compressors 3.3 Dynamic Compressors 3.3.1 Thermodynamics of Permanent Flow 3.3.2 Similarity and Performance of Turbomachines 3.3.3 Calculation of Dynamic Compressors 3.3.4 Pumps and Fans 3.4 Expansion 3.4.1 Thermodynamics of Expansion 3.4.2 Calculation of an Expansion in Thermoptim 3.4.3 Turbines 3.5 Combustion 3.5.1 Combustion Phenomena and Basic Mechanisms 3.5.2 Complete and Incomplete Combustion 3.5.3 Energy Properties of Combustion Reactions 3.5.4 Emissions of Gaseous Pollutants 3.5.5 Calculation of Combustion in Thermoptim 3.6 Throttling or Flash 3.7 Water Vapor–Gas Mixture Processes 3.7.1 Moist Process Screens 3.7.2 Heating, Cooling, and Humidification 3.7.3 Air Conditioning in a Psychrometric Diagram 3.8 Conclusion 3.9 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter3/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n4. Heat Exchangers 4.1 Principles of Operation 4.1.1 Heat Flux Exchanged 4.1.2 Heat Exchange Coefficient 4.1.3 Heat Transfer Correlations 4.2 Phenomenological Models for Heat Exchangers 4.2.1 Number of Transfer Units Method 4.2.2 Relationship between NTU and Effectiveness 4.2.3 Matrix Formulation and Heat Exchanger Assemblies 4.2.4 Relationship with the LMTD Method 4.3 Calculation of Heat Exchangers in Thermoptim 4.3.1 Exchange Processes and Screen 4.3.2 Simple Heat Exchanger Design 4.3.3 Thermocouplers 4.4 Conclusion 4.5 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter4/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n5. External Class Development 5.1 General Principles and External Substances 5.1.1 Introducing Custom Components 5.1.2 Example: Dowtherm A 5.1.3 Coupling to a Thermodynamic Properties Server 5.2 Flat Plate Solar Collectors 5.2.1 Design of the External Component 5.2.2 Physical Model 5.2.3 Saving and Loading Model Parameters 5.3 Calculation of Moist Mixtures in External Classes 5.3.1 Methods Available in the External Classes 5.3.2 Methods Available in the External Classes 5.4 Cooling Towers 5.4.1 Principle of Operation and Phenomenological Model 5.4.2 Behavior Models 5.5 External Controllers 5.6 External Class Development Environment 5.7 Conclusion 5.8 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter5/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n6. Component Sizing and Off-Design Operation 6.1 Component Sizing 6.1.1 Heat Exchangers 6.1.2 Displacement Compressors 6.1.3 Expansion Valves 6.1.4 Practical Example: Design of a Cycle 6.2 Off-Design Calculations 6.2.1 Coupled Systems in Thermoptim 6.2.2 Off-Design Equations of a Refrigerator 6.2.3 Effect of Ambient Temperature Variation 6.3 Methodological Difficulties 6.4 Conclusion 6.5 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter6/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n7. Sizing and Off-Design Behavior of Heat Exchangers 7.1 Heat Exchanger Sizing and Off-Design Calculations 7.2 Pressure Drop Calculation 7.2.1 Gas or Liquid State Pressure Drop 7.2.2 Two-Phase Pressure Drop 7.3 Modeling of Heat Transfer 7.3.1 Extended Surfaces 7.3.2 Nucleate Boiling in Steam Generators 7.3.3 Calculation of Multi-Zone Exchangers 7.4 Heat Exchanger Sizing and Geometric Parameter Estimation 7.5 Conclusion 7.6 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter7/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n8. Modeling and Setting of Displacement Compressors 8.1 Behavior Models 8.1.1 Operation at Rated and Partial Loads 8.1.2 Identification of Compressor Parameters 8.2 Practical Modeling Problems 8.3 Conclusion 8.4 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter8/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\n9. Modeling and Setting of Dynamic Compressors and Turbines 9.1 Turbomachinery Fundamentals 9.1.1 Velocity Triangles and Degree of Reaction 9.1.2 Theoretical and Real Characteristics 9.1.3 Factors of Similarity 9.2 Pumps and Fans 9.3 Dynamic Compressors 9.3.1 Performance Maps and Analysis 9.3.2 Technological Screen of Dynamic Compressors 9.4 Turbines 9.4.1 Performance Maps and Isentropic Efficiency Law 9.4.2 Stodola’s Cone Rule and Baumann Rule 9.4.3 Leaving Losses 9.4.4 Identification of Turbine Parameters 9.5 Conclusion 9.6 References ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter9/_toc/"},{"content":"Table of Contents — Volume 1 Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems\nINTRODUCTION Objectives of this Book Content of the Book Conclusion 1. Presentation of the Approach 1.1 A Two-Level Methodology 1.1.1 Physical Phenomena Taking Place in a Gas Turbine 1.1.2 Energy Technologies: Component Assemblies 1.2 Practical Implementation of the Double Analytical–Systems Approach 1.2.1 Use of the Thermoptim Software 1.2.2 Functional and Exergy Structures 1.3 Thermoptim Primitive Types 1.3.1 Component Modeling 1.3.2 Thermoptim Primitive Types 1.3.3 Thermoptim Assets 1.4 Conclusion 1.5 References 2. Thermodynamics Fundamentals 2.1 Basic Concepts and Definitions 2.1.1 Open and Closed Systems 2.1.2 State of a System, Intensive and Extensive Quantities 2.1.3 Phase, Pure Substances, Mixtures 2.1.4 Equilibrium and Reversible Process 2.1.5 Temperature 2.1.6 Symbols 2.2 Energy Exchanges in a Process 2.2.1 Work of External Forces on a Closed System 2.2.2 Heat Transfer 2.3 First Law of Thermodynamics 2.3.1 Definition of Internal Energy (Closed System) 2.3.2 Application to a Fluid Mass 2.3.3 Work Provided, Shaft Work 2.3.4 Shaft Work and Enthalpy (Open Systems) 2.3.5 Establishment of Enthalpy Balance 2.3.6 Application to Industrial Processes 2.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics 2.4.1 Definition of Entropy 2.4.2 Irreversibility 2.4.3 Carnot Effectiveness of Heat Engines 2.4.4 Fundamental Relations for a Phase 2.4.5 Thermodynamic Potentials 2.5 Exergy 2.5.1 Exergy for a Monothermal Open System in Steady State 2.5.2 Multithermal Open Steady-State System 2.5.3 Application to a Two-Source Reversible Machine 2.5.4 Heat Exchange without Work Production 2.5.5 Exergy Efficiency 2.6 Representations of Real Fluids 2.6.1 Thermodynamic Diagrams of Pure Substances 2.6.2 Moist Mixtures: Properties and Diagrams 2.6.3 Real Fluid Mixtures 2.7 Conclusion 2.8 References 3. Basic Components and Processes 3.1 Compressions 3.1.1 Thermodynamics of Compression 3.1.2 Reference Compression 3.1.3 Actual Compressions 3.1.4 Staged Compression 3.1.5 Calculation of a Compression in Thermoptim 3.2 Displacement Compressors 3.2.1 Piston Compressors 3.2.2 Rotary Positive Displacement Compressors 3.3 Dynamic Compressors 3.3.1 Thermodynamics of Permanent Flow 3.3.2 Similarity and Performance of Turbomachines 3.3.3 Calculation of Dynamic Compressors 3.3.4 Pumps and Fans 3.4 Expansion 3.4.1 Thermodynamics of Expansion 3.4.2 Calculation of an Expansion in Thermoptim 3.4.3 Turbines 3.5 Combustion 3.5.1 Combustion Phenomena and Basic Mechanisms 3.5.2 Complete and Incomplete Combustion 3.5.3 Energy Properties of Combustion Reactions 3.5.4 Emissions of Gaseous Pollutants 3.5.5 Calculation of Combustion in Thermoptim 3.6 Throttling or Flash 3.7 Water Vapor–Gas Mixture Processes 3.7.1 Moist Process Screens 3.7.2 Heating, Cooling, and Humidification 3.7.3 Air Conditioning in a Psychrometric Diagram 3.8 Conclusion 3.9 References 4. Heat Exchangers 4.1 Principles of Operation 4.1.1 Heat Flux Exchanged 4.1.2 Heat Exchange Coefficient 4.1.3 Heat Transfer Correlations 4.2 Phenomenological Models for Heat Exchangers 4.2.1 Number of Transfer Units Method 4.2.2 Relationship between NTU and Effectiveness 4.2.3 Matrix Formulation and Heat Exchanger Assemblies 4.2.4 Relationship with the LMTD Method 4.3 Calculation of Heat Exchangers in Thermoptim 4.3.1 Exchange Processes and Screen 4.3.2 Simple Heat Exchanger Design 4.3.3 Thermocouplers 4.4 Conclusion 4.5 References 5. External Class Development 5.1 General Principles and External Substances 5.1.1 Introducing Custom Components 5.1.2 Example: Dowtherm A 5.1.3 Coupling to a Thermodynamic Properties Server 5.2 Flat Plate Solar Collectors 5.2.1 Design of the External Component 5.2.2 Physical Model 5.2.3 Saving and Loading Model Parameters 5.3 Calculation of Moist Mixtures in External Classes 5.3.1 Methods Available in the External Classes 5.3.2 Methods Available in the External Classes 5.4 Cooling Towers 5.4.1 Principle of Operation and Phenomenological Model 5.4.2 Behavior Models 5.5 External Controllers 5.6 External Class Development Environment 5.7 Conclusion 5.8 References 6. Component Sizing and Off-Design Operation 6.1 Component Sizing 6.1.1 Heat Exchangers 6.1.2 Displacement Compressors 6.1.3 Expansion Valves 6.1.4 Practical Example: Design of a Cycle 6.2 Off-Design Calculations 6.2.1 Coupled Systems in Thermoptim 6.2.2 Off-Design Equations of a Refrigerator 6.2.3 Effect of Ambient Temperature Variation 6.3 Methodological Difficulties 6.4 Conclusion 6.5 References 7. Sizing and Off-Design Behavior of Heat Exchangers 7.1 Heat Exchanger Sizing and Off-Design Calculations 7.2 Pressure Drop Calculation 7.2.1 Gas or Liquid State Pressure Drop 7.2.2 Two-Phase Pressure Drop 7.3 Modeling of Heat Transfer 7.3.1 Extended Surfaces 7.3.2 Nucleate Boiling in Steam Generators 7.3.3 Calculation of Multi-Zone Exchangers 7.4 Heat Exchanger Sizing and Geometric Parameter Estimation 7.5 Conclusion 7.6 References 8. Modeling and Setting of Displacement Compressors 8.1 Behavior Models 8.1.1 Operation at Rated and Partial Loads 8.1.2 Identification of Compressor Parameters 8.2 Practical Modeling Problems 8.3 Conclusion 8.4 References 9. Modeling and Setting of Dynamic Compressors and Turbines 9.1 Turbomachinery Fundamentals 9.1.1 Velocity Triangles and Degree of Reaction 9.1.2 Theoretical and Real Characteristics 9.1.3 Factors of Similarity 9.2 Pumps and Fans 9.3 Dynamic Compressors 9.3.1 Performance Maps and Analysis 9.3.2 Technological Screen of Dynamic Compressors 9.4 Turbines 9.4.1 Performance Maps and Isentropic Efficiency Law 9.4.2 Stodola’s Cone Rule and Baumann Rule 9.4.3 Leaving Losses 9.4.4 Identification of Turbine Parameters 9.5 Conclusion 9.6 References 10. Case Studies 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Compressor Filling a Storage of Compressed Air 10.2.1 Modeling of the Heat Exchanger 10.2.2 Design of the Controller 10.2.3 Analysis of the Cooled Compressor 10.3 Off-Design Behavior of a Refrigeration Machine 10.3.1 Introduction, Results 10.3.2 Principle of Resolution 10.4 Off-Design Behavior of a Steam Power Plant 10.4.1 Introduction, Results 10.4.2 Presentation of the External Class 10.5 Part-Load Operation of the Flamanville 3 EPR Turbine 10.5.1 Flow Rate Variation 10.5.2 Pressure Variation 10.5.3 Influence of the Stodola Law Used 10.5.4 Polytropic Efficiencies 10.5.5 Polytropic Exponents 10.5.6 Separator 10.5.7 NUSCLE, a Nuclear Secondary Circuit Lite Emulator 10.6 Conclusion ","title":"Table of Contents","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/toc/"},{"content":"Important Information 📚 Complementary Digital Resources On these pages, you will find links and guidance to digital resources designed to enrich and expand the explanations provided in the book. These materials are intended to deepen your understanding and offer practical applications of the concepts discussed.\nTypes of Resources Available We provide several types of complementary materials, including:\nDiapason audio sessions (guided explanations and discussions), Guided explorations (step-by-step interactive simulations), Thematic pages from the Thermoptim-Unit portal. 🔍 Important Notes 1. About Diapason Sessions Many of the Diapason sessions were created several years ago. As a result:\nSome Thermoptim screenshots may appear outdated. Certain titles and terms have been updated to align with current Anglo-Saxon terminology (for example, \u0026ldquo;controller\u0026rdquo; instead of older French-inspired terms like \u0026ldquo;driver\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;pilot\u0026rdquo;). These differences are minor and should not hinder comprehension—the core concepts and methodologies remain fully relevant. 2. About Guided Explorations The links to guided explorations will take you to their online versions, which are not directly coupled with Thermoptim. To work with the full interactive application:\nDownload and install the Thermoptim version on your computer. Access the explorations directly from the application’s menu. 💡 How to Use These Resources For learners and students: Use these materials to reinforce your understanding of key concepts through practical examples and guided exercises. For educators and professionals: Integrate these resources into your teaching or training programs to provide hands-on, real-world applications of thermodynamic principles. For all users: If you encounter any technical terms or interfaces that seem unfamiliar, refer to the latest version of Thermoptim or the Thermoptim-Unit portal for updated information. 📩 Need Help? If you have questions about accessing or using these resources, or if you’d like further clarification on any of the materials, please don’t hesitate to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Important Information","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/general/_avertissement/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 1: Foundations of Systemic and Component-Oriented Modeling Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The materials linked below complement the content of Chapter 1 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems. While some examples or interfaces may differ slightly from the book, they remain fully aligned with its concepts and methodologies.\nDiapason sessions may include older Thermoptim screenshots or updated terminology to reflect current Anglo-Saxon usage. These differences are minor and do not affect comprehension. Guided explorations are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. 📌 1.1.1 Physical Phenomena in Gas Turbines Key Concepts Covered: Aerodynamics and thermodynamics of gas flow in turbines. Blade interactions, efficiency maps, and off-design behavior. Combustion processes and heat transfer limitations. Complementary Resources: 📄 Thematic Page: Gas Turbines This page provides a detailed overview of the physical phenomena occurring in gas turbines, including real-world examples and technological constraints. Access the Thematic Page →\n🎧 Diapason Session: Example of a Gas Turbine Cycle This audio-guided session explores a specific case study of a gas turbine cycle, complementing Section 1.1.1 of the book. Note: Some screenshots may reflect older versions of Thermoptim, but the concepts remain valid. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n📌 1.1.2 Energy Technologies: Component Assemblies Key Concepts Covered: Methodologies for modeling simple and complex energy systems. Systemic integration of components (turbines, compressors, heat exchangers). Functional and exergy structures for performance analysis. Complementary Resources: 📖 Methodological Guide: Modeling Simple and Complex Systems This guide offers a step-by-step approach to assembling components into coherent energy systems, aligning with the systemic framework introduced in the book. Read the Guide →\n📝 General Methodological Approach A comprehensive overview of the systemic and component-oriented modeling process, including practical tips for using Thermoptim effectively. Explore the Methodology →\n📌 1.2.1 Use of the Thermoptim Software Key Concepts Covered: Introduction to the Thermoptim environment and its modeling logic. Creating and analyzing thermodynamic cycles using the software. Practical tips for navigating the interface and tools. Complementary Resources: 💻 General Presentation of Thermoptim This page introduces the core features of Thermoptim, including how to assemble components, run simulations, and interpret results. Learn About Thermoptim →\n📌 1.3 Thermoptim Primitive Types Key Concepts Covered: Understanding primitive types in Thermoptim (basic building blocks for modeling). How to use these primitives to construct complex systems. Examples of component interactions and their thermodynamic implications. Complementary Resources: 🎧 Diapason Session: Introduction to Thermoptim (S07En_init) This guided audio session helps you discover Thermoptim’s interface and primitive types, using a step-by-step exploration (DecouvThopt7pm4). Note: For full interactivity, download and install Thermoptim. [Start the Diapason Session →](link_to_Diapason_S07En_init)\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: Discovering Thermoptim This interactive exploration lets you experiment with Thermoptim’s primitive types and basic modeling techniques. [Access the Exploration →](link_to_DecouvThopt7pm4)\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter1/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 2: Advanced Thermodynamic Concepts Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 2 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nDiapason sessions may include older Thermoptim screenshots or updated terminology. These differences are minor and do not affect comprehension. Guided explorations are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. 📌 2.5 Exergy Key Concepts Covered: Fundamentals of exergy and its role in thermodynamic analysis. Exergy balances and their application to energy systems. Productive structures and their importance in understanding system efficiency. Complementary Resources: 🎧 Diapason Session: Exergy Balances (S06En) This session focuses on exergy balances, providing a detailed explanation of how to calculate and interpret them. Note: This session does not cover exergy structures, which are addressed in the guided explorations below. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: Exergy Balance and Exergy Structure of a Simple Steam Cycle (BESP-1) This exploration allows you to study the exergy balance and productive structure of a simple steam cycle. Access the Guided Exploration →\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: Exergy Balances and Exergy Structures of Different Cycles (BESP-2) This exploration extends the analysis to various thermodynamic cycles, allowing you to compare their exergy balances and exergy structures. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📌 2.6 Thermodynamic Diagrams Key Concepts Covered: Use of thermodynamic diagrams for pure substances and moist mixtures. Interpretation of property charts and their application in cycle analysis. 📌 2.6.1 Thermodynamic Diagrams of Pure Substances Key Concepts Covered: Properties of pure substances and their representation in thermodynamic diagrams. Use of usual charts (e.g., T-s, h-s, P-h diagrams) for analysis. Complementary Resources: 📄 Links to Various Thermodynamic Diagrams Thermoptim provides you with a collection of thermodynamic diagrams for pure substances, useful for visualizing and analyzing cycles.\n🎧 Diapason Session: Properties of Substances and Usual Charts (S04aEn) This session explains the properties of pure substances and how to use standard thermodynamic charts for analysis. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n📌 2.6.2 Moist Mixtures: Properties and Diagrams Key Concepts Covered: Properties of moist mixtures (e.g., air-water vapor mixtures). Use of psychrometric charts and other diagrams for analyzing moist mixtures. Complementary Resources: 🖥️ Guided Exploration: CLIM 1: Guided exploration of a summer air conditioning cycle The objective of this guided exploration is to guide you through your first steps in using Thermoptim to study a building air conditioning cycle. Access the Guided Exploration →\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: CLIM 2: Guided exploration of a winter air conditioning cycle The objective of this guided exploration is to guide you through your first steps in using Thermoptim to study a bank, located in a cold and humid place, air conditioning cycle. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter2/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 3: Key Thermodynamic Processes Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 3 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nDiapason sessions may include older Thermoptim screenshots or updated terminology. These differences are minor and do not affect comprehension. Guided explorations are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. 📌 3.1 Compressions and Expansions with Work Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of compression and expansion processes. Work interactions and efficiency in turbomachinery. Analysis of real-gas effects and off-design behavior. Complementary Resources: 🎧 Diapason Session: Compression, Expansion with Work (S11En) This session explores the fundamentals of compression and expansion processes, including work interactions and efficiency considerations. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n📌 3.5 Combustion Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of combustion processes. Chemical reactions, heat release, and combustion efficiency. Integration of combustion in gas turbine cycles. Complementary Resources: 🎧 Diapason Session: Thermodynamics of Combustion (S15En) This session covers the thermodynamic principles of combustion, including chemical equilibrium, enthalpy changes, and efficiency calculations. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: Setting the Combustion of a Gas Turbine (GT-2) This exploration guides you through the setup and analysis of combustion in a gas turbine cycle, using a realistic model in Thermoptim. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📌 3.7 Water Vapor–Gas Mixture Processes Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of water vapor–gas mixtures. Psychrometric processes and humid air applications. Analysis of climate control systems and air conditioning cycles. Complementary Resources: 📄 Thematic Page: Air Conditioning and Climate Control This page provides a comprehensive overview of air conditioning and climate control systems, including thermodynamic analysis and practical applications. Visit the Thematic Page →\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: Climate Control Systems (Clim_en) This exploration focuses on climate control systems, analyzing the behavior of water vapor–gas mixtures in a summer air conditioning applications. Access the Guided Exploration →\n🖥️ Guided Exploration: Winter Climate Control (ClimHiver_en) This exploration examines winter climate control systems, including heating and humidification processes for cold conditions. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter3/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 4: Heat Exchangers Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 4 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nDiapason sessions may include older Thermoptim screenshots or updated terminology. These differences are minor and do not affect comprehension. Guided explorations are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. 📌 Thermodynamics of Heat Exchangers Key Concepts Covered: Fundamentals of heat exchanger thermodynamics. Analysis of heat transfer processes and efficiency. NTU method Design considerations for different types of heat exchangers (shell-and-tube, plate, etc.). Complementary Resources: 🎧 Diapason Session: Thermodynamics of Heat Exchangers (S18En) This session explores the thermodynamic principles of heat exchangers, including heat transfer mechanisms, efficiency calculations, and design considerations. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n📌 Design of Thermal Systems: Steam Plant Condenser Key Concepts Covered: Design and analysis of steam plant condensers. Heat rejection processes and thermal efficiency. Integration of condensers in steam power cycles. Complementary Resources: 🖥️ Guided Exploration: Design of a Steam Plant Condenser (STEAM-2) This exploration guides you through the design and analysis of a steam plant condenser, using a realistic model in Thermoptim. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📄 Methodological Page: Heat Exchangers Key Concepts Covered: Methodological approach to modeling and analyzing heat exchangers. Practical tips for design and optimization. Case studies and real-world applications. Complementary Resources: 📖 Methodological Page: Heat Exchangers This page provides a detailed methodological approach to modeling heat exchangers, including design principles, efficiency analysis, and practical applications. Visit the Methodological Page →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter4/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 5: External Substances and Advanced Modeling Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 5 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nDiapason sessions may include older Thermoptim screenshots or updated terminology. These differences are minor and do not affect comprehension. Guided explorations and models are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. 📌 5.1 General Principles and External Substances Key Concepts Covered: Introduction to external substances and their role in thermodynamic modeling. Integration of custom substances in Thermoptim. Methodologies for extending Thermoptim with new models. Complementary Resources: 📄 Thermoptim Extensions This page provides an overview of Thermoptim extensions, including how to integrate external substances and models into your simulations. Explore Thermoptim Extensions →\n📄 Models Available as External Classes Discover the models available as external classes in Thermoptim, including detailed documentation and usage examples. View Available Models →\n🔧 Small Models Illustrating the Approach These small illustrative models demonstrate how to use external substances and classes in Thermoptim, providing practical examples for your own projects. (Note: These models are available within Thermoptim after installation.)\n📌 5.1.2 Example: Dowtherm A Key Concepts Covered: Modeling and analysis of Dowtherm A as an external substance. Thermodynamic properties and applications in thermal systems. Complementary Resources: 📄 External Substance: Dowtherm A This page provides a detailed model of Dowtherm A, including its thermodynamic properties and usage in Thermoptim simulations. Access Dowtherm A Model →\n🌞 Solar Concentrator Model This model illustrates the use of external substances in a solar concentrator system, demonstrating how to integrate custom substances in Thermoptim. Explore Solar Concentrator Model →\n📌 5.4 Cooling Towers Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of direct contact cooling towers. Heat and mass transfer processes. Integration of cooling towers in thermal systems. Complementary Resources: 📄 Direct Contact Cooling Towers This page provides a detailed model of direct contact cooling towers, including thermodynamic analysis and practical applications. Access Cooling Tower Model →\n📌 5.6 External Class Development Environment Key Concepts Covered: Development of external classes in Thermoptim. Integration of custom models and substances. Practical tips for extending Thermoptim\u0026rsquo;s capabilities. Complementary Resources: 🎧 Diapason Session: External Class Development (S07En_ext) This session guides you through the process of developing external classes in Thermoptim, including practical examples and best practices. Listen to the Diapason Session →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter5/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 6: Component Sizing and Off-Design Operation Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 6 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nModels and examples are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. Post-processing tools (Excel macros, data extraction utilities) are provided to help analyze simulation results. 📌 Component Sizing and Off-Design Operation Key Concepts Covered: Principles of technological design for energy systems. Analysis of off-design operation and performance deviations. Methodologies for optimizing systems under varying conditions. Complementary Resources: 📖 Thematic Page: Component Sizing and Off-Design Operation These pages provide a comprehensive overview of component sizing and off-design operation, including methodologies, case studies, and practical applications. Explore the Thematic Pages →\n📄 Links to Off-Design Portal Pages Access additional resources and examples related to off-design operation on the Thermoptim portal. (Note: These pages are part of the Thermoptim-Unit portal and provide extended examples and methodologies.)\n🔧 Small Models Illustrating the Approach These small illustrative models demonstrate the component sizing and off-design operation methodologies discussed in the chapter.\nModels are available within Thermoptim after installation. They include examples of extThopt2.zip and extUser2.zip classes from the book. 📌 External Classes and Examples Key Concepts Covered: Development and use of external classes in Thermoptim. Examples of extThopt2.zip and extUser2.zip classes from the book. Integration of post-processing tools for data analysis. Complementary Resources: 📄 External Classes: extThopt2.zip and extUser2.zip These resources include external classes and examples from the book, such as extThopt2.zip and extUser.zip2, along with post-processing files and Java classes for advanced analysis. (Note: These files are available for download within the Thermoptim environment or the book\u0026rsquo;s companion resources.)\n📊 Post-Processing Tools Key Concepts Covered: Post-processing of Thermoptim simulation results. Use of Excel macros and data extraction utilities for analysis. Complementary Resources: 📗 Excel Macro for Post-Processing of Thermoptim Files This Excel macro helps automate the post-processing of Thermoptim simulation files, making it easier to analyze and visualize results. Download the Excel Macro →\n📊 Data Extraction Utility for Post-Processing This utility allows you to extract and organize data from Thermoptim simulations for further analysis. Access the Data Extraction Utility →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter6/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 Chapter 7: Heat Exchanger Off-Design Calculations Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 7 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nModels and examples are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. These resources provide practical examples and detailed methodologies for off-design calculations in heat exchangers. 📌 Class Structure for Heat Exchanger Off-Design Calculations Key Concepts Covered: Class structure for modeling heat exchangers in off-design conditions. Implementation of object-oriented approaches in Thermoptim. Integration of technological constraints and performance maps. Complementary Resources: 📖 Class Structure for Off-Design Calculations This page provides a detailed overview of the class structure used in Thermoptim for heat exchanger off-design calculations, including explanations of key methods and attributes. Explore Class Structure →\n📌 Correlations for Heat Exchange and Pressure Drop Coefficients Key Concepts Covered: Correlations for heat exchange coefficients. Pressure drop calculations in heat exchangers. Practical application of correlations in Thermoptim models. Complementary Resources: 📊 Correlations for Heat Exchange and Pressure Drop This page provides a comprehensive set of correlations for heat exchange and pressure drop coefficients, essential for accurate modeling of heat exchangers. View Correlations →\n📌 Examples of Component Sizing and Off-Design Studies Key Concepts Covered: Sizing of heat exchangers. Off-design studies and performance analysis. Case studies and practical applications in Thermoptim. Complementary Resources: 📄 Examples of Component Sizing and Off-Design Studies This page provides practical examples of component sizing and off-design studies for heat exchangers, including detailed case studies and methodologies. Explore Examples →\n🔄 Guided Exploration: Air-Water Heat Exchanger (Dtnn1EchAirEau_en) This exploration focuses on the design and analysis of an air-water heat exchanger for compressed air storage. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter7/_resources/"},{"content":"+++ date = \u0026lsquo;2026-01-22T14:36:36+01:00\u0026rsquo; draft = false title = \u0026lsquo;Resources\u0026rsquo; weight = \u0026lsquo;3\u0026rsquo; +++\nResources 📘 Chapter 8: Modeling and Setting of Displacement Compressors Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 8 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nModels and examples are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. These resources provide practical examples and detailed methodologies for analyzing dynamic compressors and turbomachinery. 📌 Displacement Compressors Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics of displacement compressors. Reciprocating Piston and Rotary Positive Displacement Compressors. Volumetric efficiency and Compression efficiency. Performance analysis under various operating conditions. Off-design behavior and efficiency considerations. Complementary Resources: 📖 Displacement Compressors: Principles and Applications This page provides a comprehensive overview of displacement compressors, including their thermodynamic principles, performance analysis, and practical applications. Explore Displacement Compressors →\n🔄 Guided Exploration: Cooled Volume Compressor (Dtnn3ComprVolum_en) This exploration focuses on the off-design behavior of a cooled volume compressor. Access the Guided Exploration →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter8/_resources/"},{"content":"Resources 📘 9. Modeling and Setting of Dynamic Compressors and Turbines Complementary Resources and Guided Explorations\n⚠️ Important Notes About These Resources The resources on this page complement the content of Chapter 9 in Advanced Modeling of Thermodynamic Energy Components and Systems.\nModels and examples are accessible online but require the Thermoptim browser for full interactivity. Download the Thermoptim Browser here to access the complete features. Note that the Thermoptim Console contains direct links to the Thermoptim files used in the guided explorations. These resources provide practical examples and detailed methodologies for analyzing dynamic compressors and turbomachinery. 📌 Dynamic Compressors Key Concepts Covered: Thermodynamics and aerodynamics of dynamic compressors. Performance analysis under various operating conditions. Off-design behavior and efficiency considerations. Complementary Resources: 📖 Dynamic Compressors: Principles and Applications This page provides a comprehensive overview of dynamic compressors, including their thermodynamic and aerodynamic principles, performance analysis, and practical applications. Explore Dynamic Compressors →\n📌 Stodola’s Law and Turbomachinery Key Concepts Covered: Application of Stodola’s law in turbomachinery. Analysis of flow and efficiency in turbines and compressors. Integration of Stodola’s law in Thermoptim models. Complementary Resources: 📖 Stodola’s Law and Turbomachinery This page explains Stodola’s law and its application in turbomachinery, including detailed analysis of flow, efficiency, and performance in turbines and compressors. Explore Stodola’s Law →\n📩 Need Help or Further Clarification? If you have questions about these resources or need assistance using Thermoptim, feel free to contact us.\nRenaud Gicquel – Bridging theory and practice in energy systems education.\n","title":"Resources","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter9/_resources/"},{"content":"Flowsheets of the Flamanville EPR Flamanville 3 EPR 100 %\nFlamanville 3 EPR 90 %\nFlamanville 3 EPR 70 %\nFlamanville 3 EPR 50 %\nFlamanville 3 EPR 30 %\n","title":"Flamanville EPR Flowsheets","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/chapters/chapter10/epr/"},{"content":"","title":"Search","uri":"https://server.s4e2.com/crc/amtc/search/"}]